IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREfT 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14SeO 

(716)  872-4503 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICIVIH 
CoElection  de 
microficlies. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


\ 


O^ 


;^' 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techni 


The  institute  hes  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibiiographicaily  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  oi  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


n 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommag^e 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^e  et/ou  pelliculAe 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plattis  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  an  couleur 

Sound  with  other  material/ 
Relii  avec  d'autres  documents 


D 


D 


Tight  binding  n^ay  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serrde  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distorsion  la  long  de  la  marge  iiitdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texter 
mais,  lorsque  cela  «tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  film^es. 


D 
D 


y 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppldmentaires; 


[Printed  ephemera]  [18]  p. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  r6duction  indiqu«  ci-dessous. 

IP'^  14X  18X  22X 


^ 

12X 


16X 


20X 


graphic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


I  best 
es  of  this 
qua, 
I 

change 
I  below. 


L'Institut  a  microfiimi  le  mailleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  iui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite.  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mithode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


— 

le 

—— 

E. 

— « 

black)/ 
e  ou  noire) 

0 

lur 

^— 

— 

r  distortion 
bre  ou  de  la 

— 

»ure 

in  may 
ssibie.  these 

n 

les  ajoutdes 
dans  le  texte 

pages  n'ont 

Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pelliculiey 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  ddcolories,  tachetdes  ou  piqudes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ditachdes 

Showthrcugh/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Quality  in^gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  mstiriel  suppl^mentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc..  ont  it6  film^es  d  nouveau  de  facon  i 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


tinted  ephemera]  [18]  p. 


hecked  below/ 

)n  indiquA  ci-dessous. 

<  22X 


26X 


30X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library 

Indian  and  Northern  Affairs 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  y  (maaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


1  2  3 


1 

2 

4 

5 

:ed  thanks 


quality 
egibility 
the 


ire  filmed 
ng  on 
d  impres- 
e.  All 
ig  on  the 
ipres- 
I  printed 


che 

'CON- 

:ND"). 


L'exemplaire  fiim6  fut  reproduit  grfice  d  la 
g6n4rosit4  de: 

Bibliothdque 

Affaires  indiennet  et  du  Nord 

Les  images  suivsntes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tonu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet«  de  l'exemplaire  fiimi,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimis  sont  fiimia  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  termlnant  soit  par  la 
dornidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustratlon,  soit  par  ie  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commen^ant  par  la 
premi^jre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustratlon  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernldre  page  qui  comporto  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  —►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signlfie  'FIN". 


let 

ie  to  be 
ned 
left  to 
I  as 
tethe 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmis  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffirents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  6tre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  filmd  d  partir 
de  I'angle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  i  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nicessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mithode. 


1 

2 

3 

I 

5 

6 

Hsm 


lasl^a. 


O'OING  to  the  mount- 
ains, going  to  God's 
clean,  healthy  wilds, 
near  or  far,  is  going  home, 
and  therefore  it  seems  to 
me  that  the  annual  outing 
wise  people  take  now-a- 
days  from  dust  and  care 
and  early  death,  is  one  of 
the  most  hopeful  and  sig- 
^^.  nificant  signs  of  the  times. 
qV<^*  a  few  years  ago  even  the  White 
fVP"'  Hills  of  New  England  seemed  far 
from  civilization,  and  only  the  excep- 
tionally bold  and  adventurous  could  ever 
hope  to  see  such  mysterious  regions  as  the 
Rocky  Mountains  or  the  dark  woods  "where 
rolls  the  Oregon."  Now  they  are  near  to  all 
who  can  command  a  little  money  and  time ; 
and,  so  free  from  danger  is  the  journey,  less  courage 
is  required  to  go  than  to  stay  at  home.  The  sick  and 
well  and  also  little  children  may  now  travel  in  comfort 
even  as  far  as  icy  Alaska,  and  enjoy  the  nightless  days  of 
that  beautiful  Northland,  the  bright  waters  and  islands, 
the  blooming  gardens  on  the  mountains,  the  majestic 
forests  and  waterfalls,  and  walk  with  keen  reviving 
health  the  crystal  fields  of  the  glaciers  where  all  the 
world  seems  ice.  Without  caring  for  or  noting  your 
bodily  condition  you  will  gain  in  health  as  you  go,  get 
rid  of  doleful  apathy,  wasting  ca  "e  will  be  swept  away, 
and  you  will  awake  to  new  life.  Even  the  blind  should 
go  to  Alaska,  and  the  deaf  and  dumb — everybody  able  to 
breathe — for  the  sake  of  the  life-giving  air. 

When  the  first  railroad  was  built  across  the  continent 
an  interesting  branch  of  the  stream  of  tourist  travel 
began  to  set  westward,  to  see  golden  California  and  its 
glorious  Sierra  and  Yosemite.  Then  on  the  completion 
of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  over  the  Cascade 
Mountains  in  the  summer  of  1887  the  gate  was  opened 
.wide  to  the  icy  northern  wilderness. 


The  t 
Sound  ar 
pelago  ii 
interests, 
made  inl 
and  gran 
from  the 
over  the 
tude  of  1( 
nary  disc 
travelers 
of  shelte 
the  heav 

Never 
to  Alask 
descripti 
miles  wi 
like  em 
made  u\ 
fine  and 
and  una 
sound  ai 
constant 
if  surely 
poets — tl 

Some 
extreme! 
walls  th; 
they  are 
almost  e 
above  or 
zies  spri 
finger-lil 
fully  dr 
Alaska  < 
some  m^ 
wood  b 
streams, 
shores,  r 

But  th 
ing  som 
hitherto 
filled  wi 
tered  in 
are  so  si 
mere ,  he 
islands  a 
fringing 


mm 


The  trip  to  Alaska  from  Tacoma  through  Puget 
Sound  and  the  thousand  islands  of  the  Alexander  Archi- 
pelago is  perfectly  enchanting.  Apart  from  scientific 
interests,  no  other  excursion  that  I  know  of  may  be 
made  into  the  wilds  of  America  in  which  so  much  fine 
and  grand  and  novel  scenery  is  unfolded  to  view.  Gazing 
from  the  deck  of  the  steamer  one  is  borne  smoothly  on 
over  the  calm  blue  waters  through  the  midst  of  a  multi- 
tude of  lovely  islands  clothed  with  evergreens.  The  ordi- 
nary discomforts  of  a  sea  voyage,  so  formidable  to  some 
travelers,  are  not  felt;  for  the  way  lies  through  a  network 
of  sheltered  inland  channels  that  are  about  as  free  from 
the  heaving  waves  that  cause  seasickness  as  rivers  are. 

Never  before  the  year  1879,  when  I  made  my  first  trip 
to  Alaska,  had  I  been  amid  scenery  so  hopelessly  beyond 
description.  It  is  a  web  of  land  and  water  thirty  or  forty 
miles  wide,  and  about  a  thousand  miles  long,  outspread 
like  embroidery  along  the  margin  of  the  continent, 
made  up  of  an  infinite  multitude  of  features,  and  all  so 
fine  and  ethereal  in  tone  the  best  words  seem  coarse 
and  unavailing.  Tracing  the  shining  levels  through 
sound  and  strait,  past  forests  and  waterfalls,  between  a 
constant  succession  of  fair  azure  headlands,  it  seems  as 
if  surely  at  last  you  must  reach  the  best  paradise  of  the 
poets — the  land  of  the  blessed. 

Some  of  the  channels  through  which  you  glide  are 
extremely  narrow  as  compared  with  the  height  of  the 
walls  that  shut  them  in.  But,  however  sheer  the  walls, 
they  are  everywhere  forested  to  the  water's  edge.  And 
almost  every  individual  tree  may  be  seen  as  they  rise 
above  one  another — the  blue-green,  sharply  spired,  Men- 
zies  spruce;  the  warm  yellow-green  Merten  spruce,  with 
finger-like  tops  all  pointing  in  one  direction,  or  grace- 
fully drooping;  and  the  airy,  feathery,  brownish-green 
Alaska  cedar.  In  such  reaches  you  seem  to  be  tracing 
some  majestic  river.  The  tide  currents,  the  fresh  drift- 
wood brought  down  by  avalanches,  the  inflowing 
streams,  and  the  luxuriant  over-hanging  foliage  of  the 
shores,  making  the  likeness  all  the  more  complete. 

But  the  view  changes  with  magical  rapidity.  Round- 
ing some  bossy  cape  the  steamer  turns  into  a  passage 
hitherto  unseen,  and  glides  through  into  a  wide  expanse 
filled  with  smaller  islands  sprinkled  wide  apart,  or  clus- 
tered in  groups  such  as  only  Nature  could  invent.  Some 
are  so  small  and  low  the  trees  covering  them  seem  like 
mere ,  handf uls  that  have  been  culled  from  the  larger 
islands  and  set  in  the  water  to  keep  them  fresh,  the  outer 
fringing  trees  around  the  sides  oftentimes  spreading  like 


flowers  leaning  out  against  the  rim  of  a  vase.  Thus 
thoughtfully  beautiful  are  these  blessed  islands;  and  their 
beauty  is  the  beauty  of  youth.  For  though  the  softness 
of  their  verdure  must  be  ascribed  to  the  copious  and 
warm  moisture  in  which  they  are  bathed,  from  the  mild 
ocean-current  that  comes  from  Japan,  the  portion  of  the 
Japan  current  that  bathes  these  shores  is  itself  young, 
while  the  very  existence  of  the  islands,  their  main  fea- 
tures, finish  and  peculiar  distribution,  are  directly  refera- 
ble to  the  structure  of  the  rocks, and  the  action  of  ice  upon 
them  during  the  glacial  period,  now  drawing  to  a  close. 

The  first  stop  made  by  the  Alaska  steamers  after  touch- 
ing at  Seattle,  Port  Townsend,  Victoria  and  Nanaimo, 
is  usually  at  Fort  Wrangel,  the  distance  between  the 
last  two  places  being  about  600  miles.  Wrangel  is  a 
boggy  place,  but  is  favorably  situated  as  a  center  for 
excursions  to  some  of  the  most  interesting  portions  of 
the  country.  Indians  may  be  seen  on  the  platforms  of 
the  half  dozen  stores,  chiefly  grim  women  and  cubby, 
chubby  children  with  wild  eyes.  Most  of  them  have 
curiosities  to  sell  when  a  steamer  arrives,  or  basketsful 
of  berries,  red,  yellow  and  blue,  which  look  wondrous 
clean  as  compared  with  the  people.  They  are  a  proud 
and  intelUgent  race,  nevertheless,  and  maintain  an  air  of 
self-respect  that  no  amount  of  frazzled  raggedness  and 
squalor  can  wholly  subdue.  Many  canoes  may  be  seen 
along  the  shore,  all  fashioned  alike,  with  long  beak-like 
sterns  and  prows.  What  the  mustang  is  to  the  Vacquero 
the  canoe  is  to  the  Indian  of  the  Alaska  Coast.  Yonder 
you  see  a  whole  family,  grandparents  and  all,  making  a 
direct  course  for  some  island  five  or  six  miles  away. 
They  are  going  to  gather  berries,  as  the  baskets  show. 
Nowhere  in  my  travels  north  or  south  have  I  ever  seen 
so  many  berries.  The  woods  and  meadows  are  full  of 
them  — huckleberries  of  many  species,  salmonberries, 
raspberries,  blackberries,  currants  and  gooseberries,  with 
strawberries  and  serviceberries  in  the  drier  grounds,  and 
cranberries  in  the  bogs,  sufficient  for  every  worm,  bird, 
beast  and  human  being  in  the  territory,  and  thousands 
of  tons  to  spare.  The  Indians  beat  them  into  pulp,  press 
the  pulp  into  cakes  about  an  inch  thick,  and  dry  them  for 
winter  use  with  their  oily  salmon.     So  fruitful  is  Alaska. 

The  coast  climate  is  remarkably  bland  and  temperate. 
It  is  rainy,  however,  but  the  rain  is  good  of  its  kind; 
mild  in  temperature,  gentle  in  its  fall,  filling  the  fount- 
ains of  the  streams,  and  ke*^ping  the  whole  land  fresh 
and  fertile.  While  anything  more  delightful  than  the 
shinincr  weather  after  the  rain— the  great  round  sun-days 


^ 


,  Thus 
nd  their 
softness 
Dus  and 
:he  mild 
n  of  the 
•  young, 
lain  fea- 
y  refera- 
icc  upon 
a  close. 
:r  touch- 
anaimo, 
een  the 
gel  is  a 
nter  for 
"tions  of 
forms  of 
i  cubby, 
m  have 
Lsketsful 
^ondrous 

a  proud 
an  air  of 
less  and 

be  seen 
)eak-like 
'^acquero 

Yonder 
laking  a 
iS  away, 
■ts  show, 
ver  seen 
"e  full  of 
nberries, 
ries,  with 
mds,  and 
rm,  bird, 
lousands 
lip,  press 
them  for 
;  Alaska, 
mperate. 
ts  kind; 
le  fount- 
nd  fresh 
than  the 
sun-days 


of  June,  July  and  August,  can  hardly  be  found  elsewhere. 
Strange  as  it  may  appear,  many  who  are  looking  to  Italy 
for  health  had  better  turn  their  eyes  to  Alaska.  An 
Alaska  midsummer  day  is  a  day  without  night.  In  the 
extreme  northern  portion  of  the  territory  the  sun  does 
not  set  for  weeks,  and  even  as  far  south  as  Sitka  and 
Wrangel  the  rosy  colors  of  evening  blend  with  those  of 
the  morning,  leaving  no  darkness  between.  Neverthe- 
less the  full  day  opens  slowly.  A  low  arc  of  colored 
light  steals  round  to  the  northeastward  with  gradual 
increase  of  height  and  span,  the  red  clouds  with  yellow 
dissolving  edges  subside  into  hazy  dimness,  the  islands* 
with  ruffs  of  mist  about  them  cast  ill-defined  shadows, 
and  the  whole  firmament  changes  to  pale  pearl-gray. 

As  the  day  advances  toward  high  noon,  the  sun  flood 
pouring  through  the  damp  atmosphere  lights  the  waters 
and  sky  to  glowing  silver.    Brightly  now 
play  the  ripples  about  the  edges  of 
the  islands,  and  over  plume- 
shaped  streaks  between  them 
where  the  water  is  stirred 
by  some  passing  breeze. 


J. 


IN  A  MIST, 


On  the  mountains  of  the  main-land  and  in  the  high- 
walled  fiords  and  canons  stUl  brighter  is  the  work  of 
the  sunshine.  The  broad  white  bosoms  of  the  glaciers 
glow  like  molten  silver,  and  their  crystal  fronts  and  mul- 
titude of  icebergs  are  kindled  to  a  blaze  of  irised  light. 

You  are  warmed  and  awakened  into  sympathy  with 
all  the  world.  Through  the  midst  of  the  brooding 
silence  the  life  and  motion  about  you  comes  to  mind  — 
the  weariless  tides  swaying  the  dulse  over  thousands  of 


miles  of  sea-meadows,  the  foaming  rivers,  the  swift 
floods  of  light  through  the  satiny  sky,  the  marvelous 
abundance  of  fishes,  the  wild  sheep  and  goats  on  a  thou- 
sand grassy  ridges  above  the  forests,  bears  feasting  in 
the  berry  tangles,  the  beaver  and  mink  and  otter  far 
back  on  many  a  rushing  stream,  Indians  and  adven- 
turers pursuing  their  lonely  ways,  the  leaves  of  the 
forests  feasting  on  the  sunbeams,  and  the  glaciers  in 
glorious  array  fashioning  the  mountains,  extending  the 
domain  of  the  sea,  tracing  valleys  for  rivers  to  flow  in, 
and  grinding  the  rocks  to  soil  for  fertile  fields  for  the 
use  of  life  to  come. 

Through  the  afternoon  the  day  grows  i.i  beauty.  The 
air  seems  to  thicken  without  losing  its  fineness,  and 
everything  settles  into  deeper  repose.  Then  comes  the 
sunset  with  its  purple  and  gold,  blending  earth  and  sky 
— everything  in  the  landscape  in  one  inseparable  scene 
of  enchantment. 

During  the  winter  snow  falls  on  the  fountains  of  the 
glaciers  in  astonishing  abundance,  but  lightly  on  the 
lowlands  of  the  coast ;  and  the  temperature  is  seldom 
far  below  the  freezing  point.  Back  in  the  interior  beyond 
the  mountains  the  winter  months  are  intensely  cold,  but 
fur  and  feathers  and  fuel  abound  there. 

The  bulk  of  the  woods  is  made  up  of  two  species  of 
spruce  and  a  cypress.  The  most  valuable  of  these  as  to 
timber  is  the  yellow  cedar,  or  cypress;  a  fine  tree,  loo  to 
150  feet  high.  The  wood  is  pale  yellow,  durable,  and 
delightfully  fragrant.  The  Menzies  spruce,  or  "  Sitka 
pine,"  is  larger  and  far  more  abundant  than  the  first. 
Perhaps  half  of  the  forest  trees  of  Southeastern  Alaska 
is  of  this  species.  The  graceful  Merten  spruce  or  hem- 
lock is  also  very  abundant.  Alaska  has  but  few  pines. 
The  hard  woods  are  birch,  maple,  alder  and  wild  apple, 
forming  altogether  a  scarcely  appreciable  portion  of  the 
forests.  In  the  rep^ion  drained  by  the  Yukon  the  princi- 
pal tree  is  the  white  spruce.  I  saw  it  growing  bravely 
on  the  banks  of  rivers  that  flow  into  Kotzebue  Sound, 
forming  there  the  extreme  edge  of  the  Arctic  forests. 

The  underbrush  is  mostly  huckleberry,  dogwood,  wil- 
low, alder,  salmonberry  vines,  and  a  strange-looking 
woody  plant,  about  six  or  eight  feet  high,  with  limber 
rope-like  stems,  and  heads  of  broad  leaves  like  the 
crowns  of  palms.  Both  the  stems  and  leaves  are  armed 
with  barbed  spines.  This  is  the  echinopanax  horrida, 
or  devil's  club;  and  it  well  deserves  both  its  names.  It 
is  used  by  the  Indians  as  an  instrument  of  torture, 
especially  in  the  work  of  correcting  witches. 


The  ground  is  covered  with  a  th 
about  as  clean  and  beautiful  as  the  si 
carpet  no  dust  ever  settles,  and  in  w 
make  no  mark  or  sound.  It  clothes  1 
rocks  and  ice,  warmly  and  kindly,  st 
the  shores  of  the  Arctic  Ocean. 

The  whole  country  is  shining  with 
but  none  of  them,  from  the  mighty 
long,  to  the  shortest  torrent  rushin 
glaciers,  has  been  fully  explored.  T 
the  best  known  rivers  of  the  territory, 
long,  and  draws  its  sources  from  the  n 
broad  Rocky  Mountain  Plateau,  in  c 
of  the  affluents  of  the  Mackenzie  anc 
first  in  a  westerly  direction,  then  c 
enters  the  Coast  Range,  and  sweeps  z 
that  is  about  a  hundred  miles  long. 
Valley  from  end  to  end.  To  the  a 
sailing  up  the  river  the  canon  is  a  ga 
sublime  and  beautiful  pictures,  an  i 
ice-capped  mountains,  cliffs,  waterfal 
groves,  meadows,  etc. ;  while  the  glacie 
through  the  trees  vastly  enhance  its  \ 

Another  interesting  excursion  ma 
Wrangel  to  the  deserted  village  of  1 
moss-grown  ruins  are  picturesque,  am 
sive  and  substantial  considered  as  th( 
Some  of  the  wall  planks  are  two  and  1 
inches  thick,  and  forty  feet  long;  wh 
bers  that  support  the  ridge  poles,  and 
poles,  display  marvelous  specimens  ^ 
few  good  specimens  may  also  be  : 
Similar  monuments  are  made  by  all 
archipelago.  Those  of  the  Haidahs 
in  size  and  workmanship. 

While  the  Cassiar  gold  mines  wen 
Wrangel  was  the  most  important  to\ 
but  Juneau  is  now  the  chief  mining  c 
the  gold  of  Alaska  is  still  in  the  grou 
one  of  a  thousand  of  its  veins  and  pla 
touched.  The  color  of  gold  may  b( 
every  stream,  and  hardy  prospectors 
fortunes  in  every  direction.  Many  h; 
their  way  into  the  vast  region  drained 
the  developments  thus  far  show  that 
tion  of  the  gold  belt  of  the  continent 
ately  rich,  and  mining  may  safely  be  i 
the  chief  resources  of  the  territory. 


is  covered  with  a  thick  felt  of  mosses, 
and  beautiful  as  the  sky.  On  this  yellow 
t  ever  settles,  and  in  walking  over  it  you 
:  or  sound.  It  clothes  the  raw  earth,  logs, 
,  warmly  and  kindly,  stretching  untorn  to 
he  Arctic  Ocean. 

:ountry  is  shining  with  perennial  streams, 
lem,  from  the  mighty  Yukon,  2,000  miles 
shortest  torrent  rushing  from  the  coast 
)een  fully  explored.  The  Stikeen,  one  of 
1  rivers  of  the  territory,  is  about  350  miles 
^s  its  sources  from  the  northern  part  of  the 
Mountain  Plateau,  in  company  with  some 
5  of  the  Mackenzie  and  Yukon.  It  flows 
terly  direction,  then  curving  southward 
St  Range,  and  sweeps  across  it  in  a  canon 
a  hundred  miles  long,  and  like  Yosemite 
nd  to  end.  To  the  appreciative  tourist 
river  the  canon  is  a  gallery  crowded  with 
aeautiful  pictures,  an  unbroken  series  of 
luntains,  cliffs,  waterfalls,  lovely  gardens, 
vs,  etc.;  while  the  glaciers  pushing  forward 
ees  vastly  enhance  its  wildness  and  glory, 
cresting  excursion  may  be  made  from 
le  deserted  village  of  the  Stikeens.  The 
ins  are  picturesque,  and  surprisingly  mas- 
antial  considered  as  the  work  of  Indians, 
ill  planks  are  two  and  three  feet  wide,  six 
.nd  forty  feet  long;  while  the  carved  tim- 
3rt  the  ridge  poles,  and  the  strange  totem 
marvelous  specimens  of  savage  art.  A 
cimens  may  also  be  seen  at  Wrangel. 
nents  are  made  by  all  the  tribes  of  the 
Those  of  the  Haidahs  surpass  all  others 
kmanship. 

lassiar  gold  mines  were  being  developed 
the  most  important  town  in  the  territory, 
now  the  chief  mining  center.  Nearly  all 
aska  is  still  in  the  ground.  Probably  not 
md  of  its  veins  and  placers  has  been  yet 
color  of  gold  may  be  fflund  in  almost 
and  hardy  prospectors  are  seeking  their 
ery  direction.  Many  have  already  made 
the  vast  region  drained  by  the  Yukon,  and 
nts  thus  far  show  that  this  northern  por- 
d  belt  of  the  continent  is  at  least  moder- 
mining  may  safely  be  regarded  as  one  of 
rces  of  the  territory. 


From  Wrangel  the  steamer  goes  up  the  coast  to  the 
Taku  Glacier  and  Junfiau.  After  passing  through  the 
picturesque  Wrangel  Narrows  you  may  notice  a  few 
icebergs,  the  first  to  be  seen  on  the  trip.  They  come 
from  a  large  glacier  at  the  head  of  a  wild  fiord  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Stikeen.  When  I  explored  it  eleven  years 
ago  I  found  difficulty  in  lorcin;^  a  way  up  the  front 
through  t^n  or  twelve  miles  of  icebergs.  My  Indians 
told  me  they  called  this  fiord  "Hulti."  or  Thunder  Bay, 
from  the  noise  made  by  the  discharge  of  the  ice.  This, 
as  far  as  I  know,  is  the  southmost  of  the  great  glaciers 
of  the  first  class  that  flow  into  tide  water. 


Tairweather  range. 


Gliding  northward  your  attention  will  be  turned  to  the 
mountains  of  the  Coast  Range,  now  for  the  first  time 
near  and  in  full  view.  The  icy  canons  open  before  you 
as  you  pass  in  regular  order  showing  their  wealth.  Now 
a  bold  headland  will  hold  the  eye,  or  some  mountain  of 
surpassing  beauty  of  sculpture,  or  one  of  the  larger 
glaciers  seen  directly  in  front,  its  gigantic  arms  and  fin- 
gers clasping  an  entire  group  of  peaks,  and  its  broad 
white  trunk  sweeping  down  through  the  woods,  its 
crystal  current  breaking  here  and  there  in  shattered 
cascades,  with  azure  light  in  the  crevasses,  making  yor 
deplore  your  inability  to  stop  and  enjoy  it  all  in  cordial 


T 


nearness.  It  was  from  one  of  these  {glaciers  to  the  south 
of  Cape  Fanshaw  that  the  Alaska  Ice  Co.  loaded  their 
ships  for  California  and  the  Sandwich  Islands. 

In  a  few  hours  you  come  in  sight  of  more  icebergs. 
They  are  derived  from  four  large  glaciers  that  discharge 
into  the  heads  of  the  long  arms  of  Holkam  Hay,  or  Sum 
Dum.  Never  shall  I  forget  the  wild  adventurous  days 
spent  there  in  the  summers  of  1879  ^^^  1880. 

At  the  mouth  of  the  Taku  Inlet  you  encounter  another 
fleet  of  drifting  icebergs  from  the  grand  Taku  Glacier, 
twenty  miles  distant. 

On  one  of  my  early  exploring  trips  I  stopped  at  an 
Indian  village  here  and  found  it  deserted.  Not  a  single 
person  was  left  on  guard.  For  these  people  are  so  rich 
they  have  little  to  lose.  My  Indians  said  that  the  inhab- 
itants were  away  catching  and  drying  salmon.  All  the 
Indian  villages  are  thus  abandoned  at  regular  periods 
every  summer,  while  everybody  goes  to  fishing,  berry- 
ing and  hunting-stations;  occupying  each  in  succession 
for  a  few  weeks.  Then  after  the  summer's  work  is  done, 
the  winter  supply  of  salmon  dried  and  packed,  fish  and 
seal  oil  stored  in  boxes,  berries  and  spruce  bark  beaten 
and  pressed,  their  hunts  after  wild  goats,  sheep  and 
bears  brought  to  a  close,  their  irading-trips  made,  and 
the  year's  stock  of  quarrels  with  the  neighboring  tribes 
settled,  then,  all  at  home  in  their  big  block-houses,  they 
give  themselves  to  pleasure,  feasting,  dancing,  visiting, 
speech-making,  drinking,  etc. 

The  Taku  Inlet  contains  many  glaciers,  one  of  which 
belongs  to  the  first-class.  It  makes  a  grand  display  of 
itself  as  it  comes  down  from  its  lofty  fountains  into  the 
head  of  the  fiord  and  sends  off  its  bergs.  To  see  this 
one  glacier  is  well  worth  a  trip  to  Alaska.  At  the  time 
of  my  first  visit,  while  I  sat  in  my  canoe  among  the  ice, 
sketching  and  watching  the  birth  of  the  bergs  as  they 
plunged  from  the  glorious  crystal  wall,  two  Indians, 
father  and  son,  came  paddling  alongside,  and  with  a 
good  natured  "  Saghaya "  inquired  who  we  were  and 
what  we  were  looking  for  in  such  a  place,  etc.,  while 
they  in  turn  gave  information  about  the  river,  their 
village  and  the  glaciers  up  the  main  Taku  Canon.  They 
were  hunting  seals,  and  as  they  shot  away  crouching  in 
their  tiny  shell  of  a  canoe  with  barbed  spear  in  place 
among  the  great  blue  overhanging  bergs,  they  formed 
a  picture  of  arctic  wildness  as  telling  as  may  be  found 
amid  the  drifts  and  floes  of  Greenland. 

After  leaving  Juneau,  where,  it  is  claimed,  you  may 
see  "the  largest  quartz  mill  in  the  world,"  the  steamer 

10 


passes  I 
Lynn  C: 
of  all  thi 
The  Aul 
as  you  ( 
their  fa 
forests, 
head  th; 
seen — th 
mense  ri 
when  yc 
shown  i 
gatewav 
ful  fan-s 
front  of 
minal  m 
large  gl 
reaching: 
send  ofl 
glaciers 

She  tl 
pomt  of 
lishmenl 
learn  soi 
of  other 
als,  etc- 
ance  of 
other  fis! 
probabl) 
Alaska, 
[    more  fisl 
into  the 
picking 
On   rocl^ 
hand  in 

The  s 
Strait,  a 
voyage 
have  se( 
this  bay 
Mount  J 
and  the 

Glanci 
explorat 
seventy 
Through 
them  of 
canic  coi 


i 


T 


passes  between  Douglas  and  Admiralty  Islands  into 
Lynn  Canal,  the  most  sublimely  beautiful  and  spacious 
of  all  the  mountain-walled  channels  you  have  yet  seen. 
The  Auk  and  Eagle  Glaciers  are  displayed  on  the  right 
as  you  enter  the  canal,  coming  with  grand  effect  from 
their  far-reaching  fountains  and  down  through  the 
forests.  But  it  is  on  the  west  side  of  the  canal  near  the 
head  that  the  most  striking  feature  of  the  landscape  is 
seen — the  Davidson  Glacier.  It  first  appears  as  an  im- 
mense ridge  of  ice  thrust  forward  into  the  channel,  but 
when  you  have  gained  a  position  directly  in  front,  it  is 
shown  as  a  b*-oad  flood  issuing  from  a  noble  granite 
gatewav,  and  spreading  out  to  right  and  left  in  a  beauti- 
ful fan-shaped  mass,  three  or  four  miles  in  width,  the 
front  of  which  is  separated  from  the  water  by  its  ter- 
minal moraine.  This  is  one  of  the  most  notable  of  the 
large  glaciers  that  are  in  the  first  stage  of  decadence, 
reaching  nearly  to  tide  water,  but  failing  to  enter  it  and 
send  off  icebergs.  Excepting  the  Taku,  all  the  great 
glaciers  you  have  yet  seen  belong  to  this  class. 

She  tly  after  passing  the  Davidson  the  northmost 
pomt  of  the  trip  is  reached,  and  at  the  canning  estab- 
lishments near  the  mouth  of  the  Chilcat  River  you  may 
learn  something  about  salmon.  Whatever  may  be  said 
of  other  resources  of  the  territory— timber,  furs,  miner- 
als, etc.— it  is  hardly  possible  to  exaggerate  the  import- 
ance of  the  fisheries.  Besides  cod,  herring,  halibut  and 
other  fishes  that  swarm  over  immense  areas,  there  are 
probably  more  than  a  thousand  salmon  streams  in 
Alaska,  in  some  of  which  at  certain  seasons  there  is 
more  fish  than  water.  Once  I  saw  one  of  my  men  wade 
into  the  midst  of  a  crowded  run  and  amuse  himself  by 
picking  up  the  salmon  and  throwing  them  over  his  head. 
On  rocky  shallows  thousands  could  thus  be  taken  by 
hand  in  an  hour  or  two. 

The  steamer  now  goes  down  the  canal,  through  Icy 
Strait,  and  into  the  wonderful  Glacier  Bay.  All  the 
voyage  thus  far  from  Wrangel  has  been  icy,  and  you 
have  seen  hundreds  of  glaciers  great  and  small.  But 
this  bay  and  the  region  about  it  and  beyond  it  towards 
Mount  St.  Elias  is  pre-eminently  the  Iceland  of  Alaska 
and  the  entire  Pacific  Co,  -t. 

Glancing  for  a  moment  at  the  results  of  a  general 
exploration  we  find  that  there  are  between  sixty  and 
seventy  small  residual  glaciers  in  the  California  Sierra. 
Through  Oregon  and  Washington,  glaciers,  some  of 
them  of  considerable  size,  still  exist  on  the  highest  vol- 
canic cones  of  the  Cascade  Mountains — the  Three  Sisters, 


II 


Mounts  Jefferson,  Hood,  St.  Helens,  Adams,  Tacoma, 
Baker,  and  others,  though  none  of  them  approach  the 
sea.  Through  British  Columbia  and  Southeastern 
Alaska  the  broad  sustained  chain  of  mounta-ns  extend- 
ing along  the  coast  is  generally  glacier-bearing.  The 
upper  branches  of  nearly  every  canon  are  occupied  by 
glaciers,  which  gradually  increase  in  size  to  the  north- 
ward until  the  lofty  region  between  Glr.cier  Bay  and 
Mount  St.  Elias  is  reached.  In  Prince  William  Sound 
and  Cook's  Inlet  many  grand  glaciers  are  found,  but 
farther  to  the  westward,  along  the  Alaska  Peninsula  and 
the  chain  of  the  Aleutian  Islands,  though  a  considerable 
number  of  glaciers  occur  on  the  highest  peaks,  they  are 
quite  small  and  melt  far  above  sea-level,  while  to  the 
north  of  latitude  62°,  few,  if  any,  remain  in  exisfehce; 
the  ground  being  comparatively  low,  and  the  snowfall 
light. 


jnHS^ 


d!TKA  BAV. 


The  largest  of  the  glaciers  that  discharge  into  Glacier 
Bay  is  the  Muir,  and  being  also  the  most  accessible  is 
the  one  to  which  tourists  are  taken  and  allowed  to  go 
ashore  and  climb  about  its  ice  cliffs  and  watch  the  huge 
blue  bergs  as  with  tremendous  thundering  roar  and 
surge  they  emerge  and  plunge  from  the  majestic  vertical 
ice-wall  in  which  the  glacier  terminates. 

The  front  of  the  glacier  is  about  three  miles  wide,  but 
the  central  berg-producing  portion,  that  stretches  across 
from  side  to  side  of  the  iniet  like  a  huge  jagged  barrier, 
is  only  about  half  as  wide.  The  height  of  the  ice-wall 
above  the  water  is  from  250  to  30c  feet;  but  soundings 
made  by  Captain  Carroll  show  that  about  720  feet  of  the 


Tacoma, 
oach  the 
;heastern 
3  extend- 
ng.  The 
upied  by 
i«j  north- 
Bay  and 
m  Sound 
I'jnd,  but 
isula  and 
siderable 

they  are 
le  to  the 
xisfeiice; 

snowfall 


3  Glacier 
jssible  is 
ed  to  go 
the  huge 
roar  and 
:  vertical 

wide,  but 
es  across 
I  barrier, 
:  ice-wall 
oundings 
;et  of  the 


wall  is  below  the  surface,  while  still  a  third  portion  is 
buried  beneath  moraine  material.  Therefore,  were  the 
waicr  and  rocky  detritus  cleared  away,  a  sheer  wall  of 
blue  ice  would  be  presented  a  mile  and  a  half  long  and 
more  than  a  thousand  feet  high. 

The  number  of  bergs  given  off  varies  somewhat  with 
the  tides  and  weather.  For  twelve  consecutive  hours  I 
counted  the  number  discharged  that  were  large  enough 
to  be  heard  like  thunder  at  a  distance  of  a  mile  or  two, 
and  found  the  rate  to  be  one  in  five  or  six  minutes. 
When  one  of  the  assured  masses  falls  there  is  first  a 
heavy,  plunging  crash,  then  a  deep,  deliberate,  long- 
drawn-out  thundering  roar,  followed  by  clashing,  grating 
sounds  from  the  agitated  bergs  set  in  motion  by  the  new 
arrival,  and  the  swash  of  waves  along  the  beach.  All 
the  v,ry  large  bergs  rise  from  the  bottom  with  a  still 
grander  commotion,  heaving  aloft  in  the  air  nearly  to 
the  top  of  the  wall,  with  tons  of  water  pouring  down  their 
sides,  heaving  and  plunging  again  and  again  ere  they 
settle  and  sail  away  as  blue  crystal  islands;  free  at  last 
after  being  held  rigid  as  part  of  the  slow-crawling 
glacier  for  centuries.  And  strange  it  seems  that  ice 
formed  from  snow  on  the  mountains  two  and  three  hun- 
dred years  ago,  should  after  all  its  toil  and  travel  in 
grinding  down  and  fashioning  the  face  of  the  landscape 
still  remain  so  lovely  in  color  and  so  pure. 

The  rate  of  motion  of  the  glacier  as  determined  last 
summer  by  Prof.  Reid  is,  near  the  front,  about  from  five 
to  ten  feet  per  day.  This  one  glacier  is  made  up  of 
about  200  tributary  glaciers,  which  drain  an  area  of 
about  a  thousand  square  miles,  and  contains  more  ice 
than  all  the  eleven  hundred  glaciers  of  the  Alps  com- 
bined. The  distance  from  the  front  back  to  the  head  of 
the  farthest  tributary  is  abc  .t  fifty  miles,  and  the  width 
of  the  trunk  below  the  confluence  of  the  main  tributaries 
is  twenty  miles  or  more. 

I  made  my  first  visit  to  Glacier  Bay  toward  the  end  of 
October,  1877  Winter  weather  had  set  in  ;  young  ice 
was  forming  i.  the  sheltered  inlets,  and  the  mountains 
had  received  a  fresh  covering  of  snow.  It  was  then 
unexplored  and  unknown  except  to  Indians.  Vancouver, 
who  carefully  surveyed  the  coast  nearly  a  hundred  years 
dgo,  missed  it  altogether,  on  account,  I  suppose,  of  bad 
weather  and  a  jamb  of  ice  across  its  mouth. 

I  had  spent  the  best  part  of  the  season  exploring  the 
canon  of  the  Stikeen  River,  and  a  little  of  the  interior 
region  on  the  divide  of  some  of  the  southerly  tributaries 
of  the  Yukon  and  Mackenzie.     It  was  getting  rather  late 

13 


for  new  undertakings  when  I  returned  to  Wrangel,  but 
eagerness  to  see  some  of  the  glaciers  to  the  northward, 
however  imperfectly,  drove  me  on.  Assisted  by  Mr. 
Young,  the  enthusiastic  Alaska  missionary,  I  succeeded 
in  procuring  a  canoe  and  a  crew  of  four  Indians — 
Toyette,  Kadechan,  Stikeen  John,  and  Sitka  Charley. 
Mr.  Young,  who  was  anxious  to  learn  something  of  the 
numbers  and  condition  of  the  Indian  tribes  that  might  be 
seen  on  the  way,  agreed  to  go  with  me.  Hastily  gather- 
ing the  necessary  supplies,  we  set  forth  October  14th. 
While  we  were  on  the  west  shore  of  Admiralty  Island, 
intending  to  make  a  direct  course  up  Lynn  Canal,  we 
learned  that  the  Chilcat  Indians  were  drinking  and 
fighting,  and  that  it  would  be  unsafe  to  go  among  them 
before  their  quarrels  were  settled.  I  decided  therefore 
to  turn  westward  through  Icy  Strait  and  go  in  search  of 
Sitka  Charley's  wonderful  "  ice  mountains."  Charley, 
who  was  the  youngest  of  my  crew,  having  noticed  my 
interest  in  glaciers,  told  me  that  when  he  was  a  boy  he 
had  gone  with  his  father  to  hunt  seals  in  a  large  bay  full 
of  ice,  and  that  he  thought  he  could  find  it. 

On  the  24th,  as  we  approached  an  island  in  the  middle 
of  Icy  Strait,  Charlie  said  that  we  must  procure  a  supply 
of  wood  there  to  carry  with  us,  because  beyond  this  the 
country  was  bare  of  trees.  Hitherto  we  had  picked  our 
way  by  Vancouver's  chart,  but  now  it  failed  us.  .Guided 
by  Charlie,  who  alone  knew  anything  of  the  region, 
we  arrived  late  in  what  is  now  called  "  Bartlett  Bay," 
near  the  mouth  of  Glacier  Bay,  where  we  made  a 
cold  camp  in  rain  and  snow  and  darkness.  At  day- 
light on  the  25th  we  noticed  a  smoke,  where  we  found 
a  party  of  Hoonah  seal-hunters  huddled  together  in 
a  small  bark  hut.  Here  Sitka  Charlie  seemed  lost. 
He  declared  the  place  had  changed  so  much  he  hardly 
recognized  it,  but  I  succeeded  in  hiring  one  of  the  hunt- 
ers to  go  on  with  us  up  the  main  Glacier  Bay,  or  "  Sita- 
da-ka,"  as  the  Indians  called  it.  The  weather  was 
stormy,  cold  rain  fell  fast,  and  low,  dull  clouds  muffled 
the  mountains,  making  the  strange,  treeless  land  all  the 
more  dreary  and  forbidding.  About  noon  we  passed  the 
first  of  the  low  descending  glaciers  oti  the  west  side,  and 
found  a  landing-place  a  few  miles  beyond  it.  While 
camp  was  being  made  I  strolled  along  the  shore,  eagerly 
examining  the  fossil  wood  with  which  it  was  strewn,  and 
watching  for  glimpses  of  the  glaciers  bi  c.th  the  watery 
clouds.  Next  day  the  storm  continued,  a  wild  south- 
easter was  howling  over  the  icy  wilderness,  and  every- 
body wished  to  remain  in   c.amp.     Therefore  I  set  out 


igel,  but 
■thward, 
by  Mr. 
cceeded 
idians — 
Charley. 
g  of  the 
night  be 
gather- 
>er  14th. 
r  Island, 
anal,  we 
ing  and 
ig  them 
herefore 
iarch  of 
Charley, 
iced  my 
L  boy  he 
bay  full 

;  middle 
1  supply 
this  the 
ked  our 

.Guided 

region, 
tt  Bay," 
made  a 
At  day- 
e  found 
ether  in 
ed  lost. 
;  hardly 
le  hunt- 
r  "  Sita- 
ler    was 

muffled 
d  all  the 
ssed  the 
side,  and 
While 
,  eagerly 
:wn,  and 
e  watery 
d  south- 
:i  every- 

set  nut 


alone  to  see  what  I  might  learn.  Pushing  on  through 
mud  and  sludgy  snow  I  gained  at  length  a  commanding 
outlook  on  a  bald  promontory,  about  1,500  feet  high. 
All  the  landscape  was  smothered  in  busy  clouds,  and 
I  began  to  fear  that  I  had  climbed  in  vain,  when  at  last 
the  clouds  lifted  a  little,  and  the  ice-filled  expanse  of  the 
bay,  and  the  feet  of  the  m.ountains  that  stand  about  it, 
and  the  imposing  fronts  of  five  of  the  great  glaciers,  were 
displayed.  This  was  my  first  general  view  of  Glacier 
Bay — a  stern  solitude  of  ice  and  snow  and  raw,  newborn 
rocks,  dim,  dreary,  mysterious. 

I  held  my  high  ground,  gained  at  such  cost,  for  an 
hour  or  two,  sheltering  myself  as  best  I  could  from  the 
blast,  while  with  benumbed  fingers  I  sketched  what  I 
could  see  of  the  stormy  landscape,  and  wrote  a  few  lines 
in  my  notebook.  Then  I  beat  my  way  back  to  camp 
over  the  snow-smothered  ridges,  and  bowlder  piles  and 
mud  beds,  arriving  about  dark. 

Mr.  Young  told  me  that  the  Indians  were  discouraged 
and  would  like  to  turn  back.  They  feared  that  I  had 
fallen,  or  would  fall,  or  in  some  way  the  expedition 
would  come  to  grief  in  case  I  persisted  in  going  farther. 
They  had  been  asking  him  what  possible  motive  I  could 
have  in  climbing  mountains  in  such  miserable  weather; 
and  when  he  replied- that  I  was  seeking  knowledge, 
Toyette  remarked  that  Muir  must  be  a  witch  to  seek 
knowledge  in  such  a  place. 

After  coffee  and  hard-tack,  while  we  crouched  in  the 
rain  around  a  dull  fire  of  fossil  wood,  the  Indians  again 
talked  dolefully,  in  tones  that  accorded  well  with  the 
growling  torrents  about  us  and  the  wind  among  the 
rocks  and  bergs;  telling  sad  stories  of  crushed  canoes, 
hunters  lost  in  snowstorms,  etc.  Toyette  said  that  he 
seemed  to  be  sailing  his  canoe  into  a  "  skookum  house'-' 
(jail)  from  which  there  was  no  escape,  while  the  Hoonah 
guide  said  bluntly  that  if  I  was  going  near  the  noses  of 
the  ice-mountains  he  would  not  go  with  me,  for  we  would 
all  be  lost  by  bergs  rising  from  the  bottom,  as  many  of 
his  tribe  had  been.  They  seemed  to  be  sinking  deeper 
into  dismal  dumps  with  every  howl  of  the  storm,  when  I 
reminded  them  that  storms  did  not  last  forever;  the 
sun  would  shine  again;  that  with  me  they  need  fear 
nothing,  because  good-luck  followed  me  always,  though 
for  many  years  I  had  wandered  in  higher  mountains 
than  these,  and  in  far  wilder  storms.  That  Heaven 
cared  for  us  and  guided  us  all  more  than  we  knew,  etc. 
This  small  speech  rli-J.  good.  With  smiling  reassurance 
Kadechan   said  that  he   liked   to  travel  with  fearless 


people;  and  dignified  Toyette  declared  he  would  venture 
on,  for  my  "  wa-wa  was  delait "  (my  talk  was  very  good). 

We  urged  our  way  against  ice  and  weather  to  the  ex- 
treme head  of  the  bay,  and  around  it;  going  up  one  side 
and  down  the  other;  and  ucceeded  in  reaching  all  the 
main  glaciers  excepting  those  at  the  head  of  frozen  inlets. 

Next  to  the  Muir,  the  largest  of  the  glaciers  enters  the 
bay  at  its  extreme  northwestern  extension.  Its  broad, 
majestic  current,  fed  by  unnumbered  tributaries,  is 
divided  at  the  front  by  an  island,  and  from  its  long,  blue 
wall  the  icebergs  plunge  and  roar  in  one  eternal  storm, 
sounding  on  day  and  night,  winter  and  summer,  and 
from  century  to  centuxy.  Five  or  six  glaciers  of  the 
first  class  discharge  into  the  bay,  the  number  varying  as 
the  several  outlets  of  the  ice  fields  are  regarded  as  dis- 
tinct glaciers,  or  one.  About  an  equal  number  of  the 
second  class  descend  with  broad  imposing  currents  to 
the  level  of  the  bay  without  entering  it  to  discharge 
bergs;  while  the  tributaries  of  these  and  the  smaller 
glaciers  are  innumerable. 

The  clouds  cleared  away  on  the  morning  of  the  27th, 
and  we  had  glorious  views  of  the  ice-rivers  pouring 
down  from  their  spacious  fountains  on  either  hand,  and 
of  the  grand  assemblage  of  mountains  immaculate  in 
their  robes  of  new  snow,  and  bathed  and  transfigured  in 
the  most  impressively  lovely  sunrise  light  I  ever  beheld. 
Memorable,  too,  was  the  starry  splendor  of  a  night  spent 
on  the  east  side  of  the  bay,  in  front  of  two  large  glaciers 
north  of  the  Muir.  Venus  seemed  half  as  big  as  the 
moon,  while  the  berg-covered  bay,  glowing  and  spark- 
ling with  responsive  light,  seemed  another  sky  of  equal 
glory.  Shortly  after  three  o'clock  in  the  morning  I 
climbed  the  aividing  ridge  between  the  two  glaciers, 
2,000  feet  above  camp,  for  the  sake  of  the  night  views; 
and  how  great  was  the  enjoyment  in  the  solemn  silence 
between  those  two  radiant  skies  no  words  may  tell. 

That  morning  we  had  to  break  a  way  for  the  canoe 
through  a  sheet  of  ice  half  a  mile  wide,  which  had 
formed  during  the  night.  The  weather  holding  clear 
we  obtained  telling  views  of  the  vast  expanse  of  the 
Muir  Glacier  and  made  many  sketches.  Then  fearing 
that  we  might  be  frozen  in  for  the  winter  we  hurried 
away  back  through  Icy  Strait  into  Lynn  Canal.  We 
then  visited  Davidson  Glacier  and  the  Indian  village 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Chilcat  River,  where  we  obtained 
views  of  three  other  low  descending  glaciers  of  the  same 
rank  as  the  Davidson.  Thence,  turning  south,  home- 
ward bound,  we  passed  the  Auk  and  Eagle  Glaciers,  and 


battled  awhile  with  the  bergs  of  Su 
escaping  being  frozen  among  them 
Fanshaw  we  were  stormbound  near 
could   visit  the  great  glacier  near 
Stikeen.    November  20th  we  reached 
ice  lessons  for  the  season  were  done. 
Next  year  in  August  I  again  set  ou 
a  canoe  and  made  more  careful  e 
glaciers  in  Glacier  Bay,  and  of  man 
discovered   during  the    season,  the 
being  those  of  Sum  Dum  and  the  i 
the  head  of  Taylor  Bay  to  the  west 
crossing  which  I  encountered  some  e: 
Again  last  summer  I  sp* 
Glacier  Bay,  mostly  on  the  ^ 
acquainted  with  its  higher 
the  fossil  forests  about  it  and 
flora  of  the  lower  ridges,  < 
describe  the  glories  of  those 
world  —  the  beautiful  and  t 
crevasses,  the  clustering  pini 
streams  ringing  and  gurglin; 
cut  in  the  living  body  of  the 
radiance  of  the  sunbeams  fa 
and  dale,  the  rosy  glow  of  th 
the  march  of  the  clouds  on 
the  mysterious  splendor  of 
the  nights  grow  long,  etc., 
would  require  a  volume,  whi 
the  space  to  add — Go  to  Ala 


(. 


le 


POOLE   BROS.  CHICAGO. 


17 


;  with  the  bergs  of  Sum  Dum,  narrowly 
g  frozen  among  them.  North  of  Cape 
were  stormbound  nearly  a  week  ere  we 
le  great  glacier  near  the  mouth  of  the 
ember  20th  we  reached  Wrangel,  and  our 

the  season  were  done. 
1  August  I  again  set  out  from  Wrangel  in 

made  more  careful  examination  of  the 
acier  Bay,  and  of  many  new  ones  that  I 
jring  the  season,  the  most  noteworthy 
f  Sum  Dum  and  the  immense  glacier  at 
'aylor  Bay  to  the  west  of  Glacier  Bay,  in 
\  I  encountered  some  exciting  adventures, 
ain  last  summer  I  spent  two  months  in 
ier  Bay,  mostly  on  the  Muir  Glacier  getting 
ainted  with  its  higher  fountnins,  studying 
3ssil  forests  about  it  and  the  rich  and  lo\  °1/ 

of  the  lower  ridges,  etc.  Fain  would  I 
-ibe  the  glories  of  those  months  in  the  ice- 
i  —  the  beautiful  and  terrible  network  of 
isses,  the  clustering  pinnacles,  the  thousand 
ms  ringing  and  gurgling  in  azure  channels 
1  the  living  body  of  the  glacier,  the  glorious 
ince  of  the  sunbeams  falling  on  crystal  hill 
iale,  the  rosy  glow  of  the  dawn  and  sunset, 
narch  of  the  clouds  on  the  mountains,  and 
nysterious  splendor  of  the  Auroras  when 
lights  grow  long,  etc.,  etc.,  etc.  But  this 
d  require  a  volume,  while  here  I  have  only 
pace  to  add — Go  to  Alaska,  go  and  see. 


i. 


^S  TO  RATES,    ROUTES,   WITH  MAPS,    ETC.,   CALL  ON  oR  Auontww 

YOUR  NEAREST  TICKET  AQENT,   OR  ANY  OF  THE    FOLLOWING 

REPRESENTATIVES  OF  THE   NORTHERN   PACIFIC  R.    R. 


Jas.  C.  Pond,  ass-t  qem-l  ticket  agent,  •       •       •       •    st.  paul,  minn. 

B.  N.  Austin,  ass-tgen'l  passenqer  agent,  •  •  •  st.  paul,  minn. 
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E.  R.  WADSWORTH,  Qen-l  Agent,  •  •  210  So.  Clark  St.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
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I.  A.  NadeAU,  General  Agent, SEATTLE,  WASH. 


T.  K.  STATELER,  Qen'l  Agent  Pass-r  Dept. 


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121  First  Street,  PORTLAND,  ORE. 


A.  D.  Edgar,  gen-l  agent, 

Jas.  McCaig,  gen-l  agent. 

C.  E.  Bray, 

d.  H.  Rogers,  Jr.,  . 

L.  L.  BILLINGSLEA, 

Geo.  D.  Teller, 

W.  F.  Sherwin, 

Thomas  Henry, 

Thos.  Ridgedale, 

A.  A.  Jack, 

D.  W.  Janowitz, 

C.  G.  Lemmon, 

J.  N.  Robinson, 

T.  L.  Shortell, 

J.  J.  Ferry, 

[       T.  D,  Campbell, 

O.  Vanderbilt, 

W.  H.  Whittaker,   . 

T.  S.  PATTY,        . 

F.  O'NEILL, 

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CHAS.  S.  FilE. 

Gen'l  Traffc  Manager,  Qen'l  Pass'r  and  Ticket  Agt. 

ST.  PAUL,  MINN. 


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C  THE  ROUTE  C 

ALASKA  EXOURSIC 

/        Copyrleht  1801,  ly  Oiias.  S 


NORTHERN  PACIFIC 

RAILROAD 

AND   LEASED  LINES. 


ALASKA  EXCURSl 

TMI    '       LLOWtNQ   ARK    THE 

SAILING  DATES  OF  ALASKA  STEAMERS  FROM  TACOMA 

F-OR   THB    OBABON    OF  1BHI. 

Htmimari  iMve  f r Wliitrr.  mcpohUh  Northurn  I'ncHlc  l>«|..)t.  iitmtu*  ft.  in. 


7 
88 

H 
88 

a 

81 

l>im  It, 

■  k 

Mtmr. 

Mny 

June 
July 
Auir. 
Auit 

1  ll> 

a 

8 
8 

1 

31 

llf  lupckH 

Uiifl  H4rk 
Mny  88 
June  81 
July  81 
Auk  80 
8ept.  10 

"li-HiHfr 

U   l-.r 

Miiy  18 
Juno  17 
July  17 
Auit.  la 
Bepi  1» 

lll.r  111 

July 
Au«. 
Bept. 
Oct. 

,'k 

Juns 
June 
July 
July 
Autf. 

Auir. 

June lu 
July    4 
July  80 
Aug.     3 
Auv.  18 
Sopt.    8 

U 
0 

a 
4 

4 

ItiH  "Uiinnit"  will  hn  dnvntHil,  durtiitf  tliH  hhiimiii  iif  \tiil  xirluHlvfily  to 
ftxriirxloM  tniltli',  (<ir  whU'h  hIih  In  iMliiitriil>ly  n<lii|>t»*it.  TIte  rnuitil  (ri|>  nilH 
fnidi  Ht.  I'atil.  MiniifliiiinliH,  huliitli  or  Axhliin'i  to  Hllkii.  Inolii'linu  hnrtli 
tUKi  mwiil.*  north  of  TaniiiiH,  will  tw  |17ft.  Ttm  ttiiiB  coMMiiiiicfl  li>  iIih 
■yiii'tMi"  in  iiiiikintl  lh«  round  trip  will  hit  aliont  IwttlvH  ilit>M  -otliHr  «tMtini- 
VTH  iihont  nliit<tt>«<n  Anjfi*.  , 

IhiiuriiitH  of  .\lii«kii«tiiami'rH  will  h«  fonml  in  lh«  haii<l!<  of  H«itfral  an>l 
(ravi-jlni^  pa-tM-nuiT  ii«Kiit>*  ">f  Oitt  Nnrthern  I'aritic.  who  will  it'Mt- rvf  arcnni- 
riiodiiliunt  Tor  iln  ixilnm-;  nr  iiiirtiKM  may  t-otnainnlfittti  ilirHil  with  CllAX, 
H.  Fkk,  (tcro^ral  I'aKHHnMHi-  anil  TlfkHt  Aucnl  iif  II.h  Nortlii>rn  I'afillo 
KailroH.I.  Hi  Ht.  I'unl.  Minn.  .       ,     ^      .,.,  ,  ,   , 

TiiH  HKaMon  oitoii.JK  from  Mny  U*  to  S»«|i(«mtwr  .«Nh.  IlfkHtt*  v,i,l  >m 
limilt^il  IohIx  montliH.Koo.lHointi  to  Portland  or  Tiii*oma«ixl)<lii>>.  r-turn- 
inif  within  Hnai  Hnilt,  tim  holdur,  hownvwr,  lo  Ikhvh  KltkH  on  (,■  lit-forw 
Ufiol>«r;JUt. 

:^'A    .>OT.\l<l>:    miOK.—  Porhiiim  Ihn   TDOMt    intiTHHtl.iu   >>r>ok   >«( 
t.-n  on  Alaskii.  i«  that   fioui  tlio  pen  of  Mth.  (iMrn-ral  C.  tr   T,  Coi.l.lH 


bnnrliiu  ths  tit  In  "A  Wonian'f  I  rip  to  .\hi«ka;"  from  iho  p.itKH  of  th«  CaHwIl 

SnbliiihInB  4'oini'Uiiy,  Nhw  York,  an'l   illll^tralnd   hy  il       ' 
ot«" 


AnifrU'Jin   Hank 


PULLMAN  SLCEPING-CAR   RATES. 


IIETWUKN 

HT.  PAPL  OH  MINNEAPOLIS 

AND  ^^__^^_^ 


ForKuu  Falls.... 
Oriiiul  Forks.... 

arnftun 

Winnipeg     

FiiFKo   ,.  .... 

IjlvlnKUtuu 

Bozeman .... 

Helena 

Butte 

Spokauu  Falls.. 

Portland 

Tacoma  


ri.BO    S   3  (X) 

'   8. SO  SOO 

3.00         O.OO 


ii.«,i„  , """'" 

Aliii«<    ,     "'"'" 


...  t  8.00 

lO.OO 

OOO     lO.OO 


3.0O 
8.00 
7.00 

too 

80O 

8.60 
1060 

13.60    ,    -, 

13.60      B7.00  1   38.60 


4.0O 

14  00  $17.00 

14.00      

ISO)  10.60 

17.0O        

81  OO  86  60 

87.0O  38.60 

-ix'     


7.00 

aaoo 

■3000 
uaoo 
4000 

68.00 

sa.oo 


North  Pacific  Coast  Excursions 

All  #N0  Uoun.:eTrlp  K.«4-iir«loii  Th-kt-l.  Ht.  I'liul,  MLnneniHiliH.  Ihilnth, 
Wewt  Snifrlor,  Huhwrior  or  AHlilitnd  to  Taconm.  Heiittle,  I'ortliinil  or  Vic- 
toria, (uid  return,  i»  on  fale  at  iIih  \\  Intt*  tirttt  nariifd,  aixl  hy  all  eaHtern 
lint'H;  limit  hIi  nionlliM  from  datf*  of  falt<;  uooti  uoliiu  trip  tixty  dajH.  and  for 
retiirii,  within  limit  of  ticknt.  Tho  abovti  ticket  Mold  iiny  day  to  all  appli 
(■(UilH  Tli-ketH  wilt  liH  iHKiied  at  thi^  ralit  onL  liy  thi<  Northern  I'at'itli'  to 
I'nrthnid  and  return  to  anv  MiMHouri  Uivtr  iiiint,  or  (o  Sioux  <'ity  th»iiH-H 
to  St.  I'aul,  Hithont  a'IdiTional  clutrKe.  Tit'kelH  will  !>»  In^ned  at  t>4\  rale 
out  vU\  Northern  i'atitlf  to  either  Purtlitiid,  Tiiconwi,  Heattle  or  Victoria, 
and  return  viu  thut'anadiun  I'ariilctoHt.  Paul,  MlnneapnliH  or  Port  Arthur. 

For  rntPM  I'orthind  to  I'uK'et  Hound  polntH  hikI  Ala^kn,  lu  effect  May  Ut 
to  October  '.iUt,  nee  the  following  table: 

Portland  to  Tnconm  and  return $     9.00 

Portliuul  to  Seattle  and  return lO.OO 

Portland  to  Victoria  and  return 14. OO 

Portlffn<l  to  8tfk!i.  AluBkn.  Iwt  clo^s BB.Sft 

Portland  to  Sitka.  Alaska,  ateeratre 3B.2fi 

Portland  to  Sitka,  Ala-ka,  and  returu 109.00 

Tacoma  lo  Bitka.  Alaska,  lat  claan B3.00 

Tacoma  to  Sitka,  Alaska.  Bteorage 33, OO 

Tacoma  to  Sitka.  Alaaku,  and  return lOO.OO 

FIrHt-clasrt  rated  include  mealK  and  Btate-roomj  Bteeraife  rates, meali and 
hiink,  north  i>f  T.u'oma. 


Yellowstone  Nations— Park 

SEASON  OF  1891,  JUNE  IST  TO  OCTOBER  1ST. 

$110  TICKETS. 

On  i*u\v  at  St.  Paul.  Minneaiiolin  imd  Dutulh,  Minn.,  Ashland,  WIh., 
Portland.  Ore.,  and  Tacoma,  Wimh.,  May '^Itth  to  Sfpteiidmr -J^lh;  by  eantern 
lineH,  Mtiy  "JJ-th  to  heptenilicr  ".ITth.  vovtTH  the  exiHMiNe«  of  the  roiuid  trip 
from  Kt.  Paul,  Minneapulis.  hulnih,  AnIiIiuuI.  Portliind  or 'lacoma,  to  mid 
iSrou^h  the  Park.excHntto  Yellowstone  Lake.  'I'hiH  iiH'lii<li<H  mil  road  fure-t, 
ihiuuiifuliiH  tiertliin  Piiil man  Sleepinu  ('jir. meals  in  Nitrtdeni  I'acilir  Dininy 
Carx,  ami  at  Hotel  Alliemarle  at  I,iviai."<tiin,  .Mont  ,  r-la^fe  transportation 
throuKli  the  Park,  and  iicconunodationn  for  live  ami  oiie-ntmrter  ilajn  at  the 
Park  Afwociaiion  hotels. 

TouriHts  holdiuH  the  ^H  and  *I1U  ticketw.  anti  deMrlnn  to  ko  to  bellow- 
-tone  Lake,  can  du  f'o  by  paying  ^lU  ii<)ditioiial  at  Mammoth  lloi  K|>rinKrt 

Hu""'-  .  .  .         ■ 

l.hnlt  of  ticket,  forty  dnys,  /. «..  K<>f»l  KOin«  thirty  day,  returnum  ten 

(lajH.     All  ticketH,  however.  niUHt  tie  UHeii  in  the  Park  beitirt'  Oclol)er' til  li. 
^liip.o«cr«  will  Iw  allowed  within  llnal  limit  of  ticket  at  Ibllink'-^  or  iiii> 

IKtint  east  t  hereof,  or  Holeiia  and  pointMwesI  when  ticket  has  lieen  ^.nrclnl^.'d 

at  PoriliiMd  or  'lacoina.    Tin*  return  portion  of  ticket  must  beHiuiied  and 

stamped  Jit   Mammoth  Hot  Springs  Kolel.  and  presented  on  main  line  train 

Tor  return  i^assa^e  within  one  <lay  from  HUt  h  date. 

StOi>-overs  in  the  I'ltrk  (iraiiled  at  the  pleasure  of  tourirtts  within  tiiial 

liniilof  ticket,  the  on  l>  additional  expense  beinw  for  hot  «d  accommoOationii. 

$12.50,  $40  AND  $50  TICKETS. 

On  «*alc  at  LiviuKston,  Minit.,  May  Mist  to  September  Wth,  both  dates 
inclusive. 

The  iMtt.&O  Ticket  includes  railroad  and  Mnue  fares  Livinusion  to 
Mammoth  Hot  Springs  and  return,  and  one  and  one-uuarter  days  board. 
*-..  'ihe  ^  1»  TIcUct  includes  railroad  itiid  stawe  fares  I,ivinKsti)n  to  .Mam- 
moth Hoi  Spririys,  Norris.  (irand  Cafion  and  Falls  of  Ihe  \elknvslone, 
[A)wei'  and  I'pper  (ieyser  Hanins  and  return,  and  five  and  one-tiuarter  da.\»' 
accommodaliiiiis  at  the  Park  .\sr.ociiition  hotels. 

'I'he  •!»;»«  'rtekct  includes  rjiilroad  and  ^Imre  fiires  Livinystou  to  :\lam- 

moth   Hot  Spriuns.   Noiris,   Cr I   Canon  and    Falls  of   t  ht«    \  .•llowstonc, 

Velloustone  Lake,  Lower  and  I'pper  (iejscr  Ha-in- and  return,  and  -is  and 
one-onarter  da%s'nccominndaliorisat  the  I'.irk  A--uciatiori  hotels. 

I.lmil     (iood  if  u-ed  Itftween  ,lum'  Isl  lunl  dctotit-r  illli,  inclusive. 

No  wtampinw  of  tlies*'  ticketM  rtninired  at  any  point   in  the  I'ark. 

$50   ROUND-TRIP  TICKETS 

St.  Paul,  Miiuieapolin,  Dululh  or  Ashland  to  Llviiitf^^ton  and  return,  will 
Iw)  on  sale  at  iiointw  named.  May  'Jilth  to  Heptemla-r  ^Ih. 

Idmit  forty  dayH;  ,Mod  noinu  thirty  days,  ret  uriiinuten  days  I  he  return 
portion  of  ticket  must  be  sij^ned  ami  sianiped  at  Livimrston  and  pre- 
tMuited  on  train  on  or  within  uioday  of  such  riate. 

(•toyovcr  allowed  within  limits  of  ticket. 


A  Oullv  Mlaffe  I 

Ihk  the  <> 


.Ine.— The  Park  Aswciation  will   run   a  daily   line  of 

ilire  -fiisiin,  in  both  diiections,  ijetween  the  tollowitoj 

.  ,  ('inujibar,  the  tt-rniiuiis  of  the  Norm   rn  Pacilu-'s  Vidlowstoue 

nch.and  Mammoth  Hot  Sprini;-*.  a  di-tance  of  ^ev.■n  miles.  Mam 

moth  Hot  Sprinus  and  Ppiier  lleyser  Hasiu,  via  Norris,  Lower  and  Mi'lway 
dor  HaniuRi  Norris  (iuyserliasin  and  \ellowstone  Lake,  viatirand  t'ln'mn. 


-taueo  <lur] 

ints 

rkli 

H 
(ley 


EXCURSION  RATES  TO 

Jvioi^tanAp^^^^Eastern  Washington  Points 

THE  FOLuowiNQ   ROUND-TRIP   EXCURSION    RATES   are  in  l^ficr 

FROM  ST.  PAUL,   MINNEAPOLIS,   DULUTH  OR  ASHLAND: 


.   Hunter's  Hot  HprinKsi,  and  return fSO.WI 

and  return..... r)5.l)il 

id  ret  urn.  via  N.  P.  11.  U IW.W 

nd  returu,  uoiiiu  via  N.  I>.  U.  K.,  returninK  via 

aland  (ileal  Northern  K>h t'*'.""' 

' tkl.U) 


THE  ROUTE  OF  THE 

KA  EXCURSION  STEAMERS. 


Copyright  1801,  ly  CirAs.  S.  Fkk. 

«  Ught  Houses. 


ro  Spriniidale.  Mon 

I'o  Ho/emiin,  Mont. 

lo  Helena,  Mont.,  a 

I'o  Helena.  Mont  ,  > 

MontaiuiCeuti 

Mont,  and  return,  via  N.  P.  It.  U 

.Mont.,  and  return,  ^'oin^^  via  N.P.U.U.,  returnliiK  via  I'nion 
Ho  l(y..or  via  I'liion  I'acitic  lo  Owden  or  Denver,  and  thence 

-.  .  .my  direi't  route  to  Midwiuri  Hlver;  or  to  St.  Paul  via  ITnion 

PnciticKy.  direct  throuuh  Sioux  City W)  Hi 

r.^Mi—iiubi.  Mont  .  j;i)d  return ^2 /-' 

roSi^ikaneFalls,  Wash.,  and  nMurn.  via  N.  P,  It.  li ^U.'*' 

"To  Spokane  Falln.  Wash,  and  return,  tiiuiiu  via  N.  P.  K,  H..  returning 
via  I'nion  Pacitlc  Hy.  to  tyden  or  llenvi-r,  and  thence  via  any 
direct   route  to   Missouri    Hiver;    »r   via    I'nion    Pacilic    Uy.   to     _ 
Missouri  Hiver,  nr  direct  throuKh  Sii>ux  City  toSt.i'aul lO.U) 

roMBdicalLake,\Vadli.,  and  return,  via  N.  P.  U.U 70.0U 

■Wlicnltjf  fiiluii  l'a.-ifli.-i<  II....!  ..nli  ti  0/.l,.ri  tl.,-  <Mn,-  liii,-  mii-t  I-  u.,-.i  fr,,.,,  p,.,i.-,r  l.i.MiM.niri  lUvtr. 

TlcketH  are  of  iron-clad  HiKiiature  form,  and  require  identiftcatiou  of 
lurchaser  at  return  startinu  point, 

l.lnilt  lexcHpt  toHi.rinwdalei  ninety  days;  Kood  Koinw  thirty  days,  n>turn- 
,im  thirty  du,iH.     Limit  on  Sprinitdale  tickets  is  forty  days;  wood  Koin«  thirty 


pooig  wios.,gHomviRi.  chioaoo.  »| 


NtdU 


■etnrniim  ten  days.  ... 

ited  at  any  iioint  wtthin  limit  of  tickets. 


»  Mrante' 


|.:*S3 


